Lesão por pressão em pacientes críticos: prevalência e fatores associados

Taís Milena Pantaleão de Souza; Paula Cristina Nogueira; Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos; Ticiane Carolina Gonçalves Faustino Campanili; Rayanne Suélly da Costa Silva Santos; Evellyn Lima da Silva Oliveira

Autores/as

Taís Milena Pantaleão de Souza Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-6103
Paula Cristina Nogueira Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-1281
Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1288-5761
Ticiane Carolina Gonçalves Faustino Campanili Rede D’Or, Hospital São Luiz Itaim – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4134-6035
Rayanne Suélly da Costa Silva Santos Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5198-9320
Evellyn Lima da Silva Oliveira Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brasil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-2095

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia puntual de lesiones por presión (LP) y lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos (LPRDM), los factores demográficos y clínicos asociados, y describirlas en términos de clasificación, ubicación y número. Método: Estudio transversal desarrollado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de dos hospitales públicos cardiológicos. Se recogieron datos demográficos, clínicos e información sobre LP de 123 pacientes de 18 años o más ingresados en las UCIs, mediante examen físico y consulta de los registros médicos. Se utilizaron análisis descriptivos, univariados y bivariados, y se calculó la prevalencia puntual. Resultados: La prevalencia puntual de LP fue del 46,34% (51/123 pacientes) y la de LPRDM del 8,94% (11/123 pacientes). La localización anatómica más frecuente de las LPs fue la región sacra (38,02%), clasificadas como de estadio 2 (18,30%). Las orejas (7,03%) y el estadio 2 (78,57%) fueron los más frecuentes en las LPRDMs. Mediante el análisis multivariado, el uso de cremas humectantes, con puntuación de Braden <17,5 y una presión arterial sistólica <134 mmHg son factores asociados con el desarrollo de LP. Conclusión: El estudio contribuye al conocimiento del perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes con LP ingresados en una UCI cardiaca, ayudando al equipo de enfermería en la planificación e implementación de cuidados preventivos.

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