Prevalência pontual de dermatite associada à incontinência e fatores associados em pacientes críticos

Amanda Cristina Maria Aparecida Gonçalves Brandão; Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão; Sandra Christina Pereira Lima Shiramizo; Ramon Antônio Oliveira; Soraia Assad Nasbine Rabeh

Autores/as

Amanda Cristina Maria Aparecida Gonçalves Brandão Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. ,https://ror.org/04cwrbc27 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-8901
Maria Girlane Sousa Albuquerque Brandão Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-4750
Sandra Christina Pereira Lima Shiramizo Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8735-4930
Ramon Antônio Oliveira Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9668-7051
Soraia Assad Nasbine Rabeh Universidade de São Paulo – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-5137

Resumen

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia puntual de la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia (DAI) y sus factores asociados en pacientes críticos. Método: Estudio transversal y cuantitativo realizado en un Centro de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital privado en São Paulo, con 93 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. La recolección de datos se realizó en un solo día en diciembre de 2016, mediante una evaluación minuciosa de los registros médicos y de los pacientes hospitalizados. Se utilizó un instrumento con tres partes: 1) datos sociodemográficos, 2) eliminación urinaria y fecal, y 3) caracterización de la DAI. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: De los 93 pacientes, el 50,5% eran mujeres, con edades entre 19 y 104 años. La DAI se identificó en el 40,9% de los pacientes, con mayor prevalencia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (66,7%). El eritema fue la manifestación más común (89,4%) y la región perianal la más afectada (76,3%). El uso de antibióticos (p=0,004), de corticosteroides (p=0,001), la contención mecánica (p=0,006), la incontinencia fecal (p<0,001) y urinaria (p=0,026) se asociaron significativamente con la DAI. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de DAI en este estudio resalta la importancia de la educación continua y la aplicación de protocolos basados en evidencia en el manejo de pacientes críticos.

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