Mapeo de la evidencia sobre úlceras arteriales en adultos y personas mayores: revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30886/Resumen
Objetivo: mapear la literatura en cuanto a evidencias sobre el desarrollo, proceso de cicatrización y tratamiento de úlceras arteriales en adultos e idosos. Methods: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, de caráter retrospectivo analítico, o protocolo deste estudo baseou-se nas orientações propostas por PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation. Conduzido a partir de la pergunta: ¿Qué evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el desarrollo, proceso de cicatrización y tratamiento de úlceras arteriales en adultos e idosos? Para facilitar la extracción de la información contenida en los estudios utilizados en el software RAYYAN® en línea. Registrado en Plataforma Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/8CR6Z. Resultados: contemplaram amostra 28 artigos, sendo os idosos do sexo masculino majoritariamente afetados, com múltiplas comorbidades, cuja etiología principal foi a Doença Arterial Periférica. As ulcers eran pequenas, profundas, bem delimitadas, dolorosas e apresentavam principalmente frieza ao toque e/ou palidez e pulsos pediosos fraco, com tecido necrótico e exsudato mínimo no leito da ferida. El tratamiento principal para la revascularización y/o las intervenciones endovasculares, con el tiempo medio de cicatrización varía entre tres y 11 meses. Conclusión: la investigación sobre este tema aún es escasa, especialmente en Brasil, lo que sugiere mayor investigación sobre el manejo óptimo de las úlceras arteriales.
Objetivo: Mapear la literatura en relación con la evidencia disponible sobre el desarrollo y el tratamiento de las úlceras arteriales en adultos y personas mayores en distintos ámbitos asistenciales, incluida la influencia de las comorbilidades en la cicatrización y las técnicas de cierre empleadas. Método: Se realizó una revisión de alcance orientada por la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué evidencia se encuentra disponible en la literatura sobre el desarrollo y el tratamiento de las úlceras arteriales en adultos y personas mayores en diferentes ámbitos asistenciales, incluida la influencia de las comorbilidades en la cicatrización y las técnicas de cierre empleadas? La gestión de los datos se realizó mediante el programa informático en línea RAYYAN®. El protocolo se registró en la plataforma Open Science Framework. Resultados: Se incluyeron 28 artículos. Los varones de edad avanzada fueron los más afectados y presentaban múltiples comorbilidades, mientras que la enfermedad arterial periférica fue la principal etiología identificada. Las úlceras eran pequeñas, profundas, bien delimitadas y dolorosas, y se caracterizaban principalmente por frialdad al tacto o palidez, pulsos pedios débiles, tejido necrótico y una cantidad mínima de exudado en el lecho de la herida. Las principales opciones terapéuticas fueron la revascularización y las intervenciones endovasculares, y el tiempo medio de cicatrización osciló entre 3 y 11 meses. Conclusión: La evidencia sobre este tema sigue siendo escasa, especialmente en Brasil, por lo que se recomienda realizar nuevas investigaciones que contribuyan a mejorar el manejo de las úlceras arteriales.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Maria Clara Galinari, Carolina Amadeu Fecchio, Thiago Diciocio Biggi, Kelly Cristina Suzue Iamaguchi Luz, Cremilde Aparecida, Thamires Fernandes Cardoso da Silva Rodrigues
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
