Práticas de cuidado da pele em recém-nascidos a termo pela enfermagem: estudo por inquérito

Marcia Ferreira Correa de Oliveira; Rosimar Cabral Coelho; Mily Constanza Moreno Ramos

doi:10.30886/

Autores/as

Marcia Ferreira Correa de Oliveira Guarulhos University , Universidade Guarulhos – Guarulhos (SP), Brasil.
Rosimar Cabral Coelho Guarulhos University , Universidade Guarulhos – Guarulhos (SP), Brasil.
Mily Constanza Moreno Ramos Guarulhos University , Universidade Guarulhos – Guarulhos (SP), Brasil.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30886/

Resumen

Objetivo: Analizar las prácticas de cuidado de la piel de recién nacidos a término saludables realizadas por profesionales de enfermería e investigar la asociación entre dichas prácticas y las variables sociodemográficas. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo y analítico, tipo encuesta, realizado entre agosto y octubre de 2023. Participaron 438 profesionales de enfermería del estado de São Paulo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario estructurado sobre características sociodemográficas y prácticas de cuidado de la piel neonatal. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta predominantemente por enfermeros (87,2%), mujeres (91,1%), con edad media de 40,5 años. La mayoría informó evaluar la piel del recién nacido (80,1%) y la región perineal (92,5%), aunque sin utilizar instrumentos específicos. El jabón líquido (78,8%) fue la práctica de higiene más frecuente. La mayoría no utilizaba hidratantes en la piel neonatal (72,1%). Se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre edad, sexo, formación académica, posgrado y experiencia profesional con las prácticas de evaluación cutánea, hidratación y cuidado perineal (p<0,05). Conclusión: Las prácticas de cuidado de la piel neonatal realizadas por profesionales de enfermería fueron heterogéneas y estuvieron influenciadas principalmente por protocolos institucionales, experiencia profesional y recomendaciones del ministerio de salud. Algunas prácticas divergieron de las evidencias científicas actuales y de las recomendaciones de especialistas, evidenciando la necesidad de estrategias educativas y actualización profesional.

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